Introduction
Female infertility is a common reproductive health condition that affects millions of women worldwide. It is generally defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse (or after 6 months if the woman is 35 years or older).
Infertility can result from problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, hormones, or age-related changes in fertility. Fortunately, advances in reproductive medicine have made it possible for many couples to achieve successful pregnancies through accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
At Hope Infertility Centre, our experienced fertility specialists provide comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plans to help couples achieve their dream of parenthood.
What is Female Infertility?
Female infertility refers to any condition that reduces a woman’s ability to conceive naturally or carry a pregnancy successfully.
Pregnancy requires several processes to work together:
- Regular ovulation
- Healthy eggs
- Open fallopian tubes
- A healthy uterus
- Balanced reproductive hormones
- Healthy sperm from the male partner
A problem with any of these factors can reduce fertility.
Common Causes of Female Infertility
The most common causes include:
Ovulation Disorders
Irregular or absent ovulation is one of the leading causes of infertility.
Examples include:
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)
- Hormonal disorders
Fallopian Tube Problems
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevent sperm and egg from meeting.
Common causes include:
- Previous pelvic infection
- Endometriosis
- Previous abdominal surgery
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.
It may:
- Damage reproductive organs
- Cause pelvic pain
- Reduce fertility
Uterine Conditions
Examples:
- Fibroids
- Polyps
- Congenital uterine abnormalities
- Intrauterine adhesions
Age
Female fertility gradually declines after age 30 and more rapidly after age 35 due to decreasing egg quantity and quality.